Abstract:-Cancer has been the great killer of our time. While the advance of medical science has made many cancers treatable, the diagnosis of cancer can still often mean a death sentence. But thanks to a new science known as nanotechnology, this may no longer be the casein the not so distant future.Nanotechnology concerns the development of nano machines and other devices at the molecular level, which have features less than a hundred nano meters across. The advent of nanotechnology in cancer research and the vast knowledge of cancer genomics and proteomics emerging as a result of the Human Genome Project offer the unprecedented and paradigm-changing opportunity to study and interact with normal and cancer cells in real time, at the molecular and cellular scales, and during the earliest stages of the cancer process. Cancer has been the great killer of our time. More than 10million people are diagnosed with cancer every year. It is estimated that there will be 15 million new cases every year by 2020. Cancer causes 6 million deaths every year or 12% of deaths worldwide. While the advance of medical science has made many cancers treatable, the diagnosis of cancer can still often mean a death sentence.But thanks to a new science known as nanotechnology,this may no longer be the case in the not so distant future. Now, let us first consider an example. During a visit to the doctor, you get the bad news. Various tests that have been performed on you have uncovered the fact that you have a cancer. It is a very aggressive, malignant form of cancer. The doctor gives you your options, which include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. He gives you your chances of survival, which are not good. Nevertheless,you submit to a treatment regime, which involves side effects such as nausea and pain. The progress of your cancer is slowed, but not stopped. Within a few short months of agony and rapidly deteriorating heath, you are dead. Now imagine another visit to the doctor. He gives you the same bad news. However, he is able to give you an injection right there in the office. During a follow up visit about two weeks later, tests indicate that your cancer has been totally eradicated. You have many years of happy,productive life ahead of you.How is the second scenario possible? The answer lays in anew science known as nanotechnology.Nanotechnology offers the unprecedented and paradigm-changing opportunity to study and interact with normal and cancer cells in real time, at the molecular and cellular scales, and during the earliest stages of the cancer process. II. Nanotechnology Nanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale,normally 1 to 100 nano meters, and the fabrication of devices with critical dimensions that lie within that size range. Nano scale devices are somewhere from one hundred to ten thousand times smaller than human cells.They are similar in size to large biological molecules(”biomolecules”) such as enzymes and receptors. As an example, hemoglobin, the molecule that carries oxygen in red blood cells, is approximately 5 nanometers in diameter.

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